class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Deforestation ## Is soybean use driving global deforestation? ### Team 5 Look Alive <br> Krystal Hu, Kate Neal, Owen Henry ### Duke University ### 2021-10-01 --- class: inverse, middle, center # Deforestation is no surprise "The full or large scale removal of a forest, or area of trees, in order to clear land for human development" <div class="figure"> <img src="img/deforestation_road.jpeg" alt="Image credit: Leo Correa, AP News" width="40%" /> <p class="caption">Image credit: Leo Correa, AP News</p> </div> --- class: inverse, middle, center # Question One ### What countries are seeing the most deforestation within their borders, and what is causing this deforestation? --- ## Where, What, Why -- ### 1. Where is the deforesting happening? -- ### 2. What is driving the deforestation? -- ### 3. Why is the deforestation happening? --- ## The 'Where' <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/total_deforestation_by_country-1.png" title="Brazil is the country seeing the lowest forest conversion" alt="Brazil is the country seeing the lowest forest conversion" width="70%" /> --- ## The 'Where' <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/cumulative_brazil_only-1.png" title="Brazil lost 30m hectares of forest from 2000 to 2013." alt="Brazil lost 30m hectares of forest from 2000 to 2013." width="70%" /> --- ## The 'What' <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/drivers_of_brazil_deforstation-1.png" title="Pasture is the most common cause of deforestation in Brazil, " alt="Pasture is the most common cause of deforestation in Brazil, " width="70%" /> --- ## The 'Why' <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/soybean_use_continents-1.png" title="Asia, South America, North America use the most soybean among continents." alt="Asia, South America, North America use the most soybean among continents." width="70%" /> --- ## The 'Why' <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/soybean_use_countries-1.png" title="China, US, Brazil, Argentina identified as countries that use the most soybean." alt="China, US, Brazil, Argentina identified as countries that use the most soybean." width="70%" /> --- class: inverse, middle, center # Question Two ### What are the patterns of soybean use within this trend? --- ### How does the proportion of soybean production used for human food versus for feeding animals change over time? <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/soybean_use_share-1.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- ### Is this change proportional to global deforestation development over time? .pull-left[ #### Net forest conversion: The net change in forest area (loss and gain) describes the sum of all changes in forest area over a specific period of time (including reductions due to deforestation and disasters, and increases due to afforestation and expansion of forests during the period). <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> Region </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Year </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> Net Forest Conversion </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> World </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1990 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> -7,818,000 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> World </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 2000 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> -5,117,000 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> World </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 2010 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> -4,801,000 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> World </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 2015 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> -5,150,000 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] .pull-right[ <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/forest_area_table-1.png" width="140%" /> ] --- ### What is the relationship between type of soybean use and deforestation trends? .pull-left[ <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/compare-1.png" width="500%" height="500%" /> ] .pull-right[ <img src="presentation_files/figure-html/observe-1.png" width="200%" /> ] #### The pattern of proportional increase in soybean use for animal food matches with a continued, yet decreased rate in deforestation. --- #Conclusion - Increased global use of soybeans is related with continued deforestation in Brazil, the world's leading soybean producer (surpassing USA as of May 2021) - Increased proportion of soybeans used for animal feed (vs. those used for human food) is related with continued land conversion (natural land --> human used), albeit at a slower rate.